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This paper describes a computer supported ubiquitous learning environment for minority language learning. Hakka language involved various tones, art, craft, festivals, food, drink, medicine, religion and custom in different regions. The tones also vary across the dialects of Hakka. The majority of Hakka dialects have six tones in Taiwan. The context for Hakka language translation and use is extremely important. The purpose of this paper is to present the context-aware annotation service to help readers get the right information for Hakka language use and learning more easily.

This paper proposes the context-aware learning support system for Hakka culture-specific items or language, which is called Hakka culture-specific items annotation system (HACSIAS). HACSIAS is the context-aware annotation system, helping learners to add links of culture-specific items when they are reading the electronic journals, books, and web pages.

The HACSIAS provides learner appropriate information for Hakka culture-specific items deriving the learner’s situation and personal information. The context-aware computing will automatically provide translation service by searching a given culture-specific items database while these items or terminology appear in a document, either by displaying terms in the translation memory.

The context-aware annotation system for Hakka culture-specific language learning allows Hakka cultural resources to be smoothly integrated into learning materials.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the data connection, spatial distribution characteristics and trends in genealogical information. First, it implements a spatial-temporal visualization of the Hakka genealogical information system that makes these individual family pedigree charts appear as one seamless genealogy to family and researchers seeking connections and family history all over the world. Second, this study applies migration analysis by applying big data technologies to Hakka genealogies to investigate the migration patterns of the Hakka ethnic group in Taiwan between 1954 and 2014. This innovative library service enhances the Hakka genealogical migration analysis using big data.

The platform is designed for the exchange of genealogical data to be used in big data analysis. This study integrates big data and geographic information systems (GIS) to map the population distribution themes. The general procedure included collecting genealogical big data, geographic encoding, gathering the map information, GIS layer integration and migration map production.

The analytical results demonstrate that big data technology is highly appropriate for family migration history analysis, given the increasing volume, velocity and variety of genealogical data. The spatial-temporal visualization of the genealogical research platform can follow family history and migration paths, and dynamically generate roadmaps to simplify the cartographic steps.

Technology that combines big data and GIS is suitable for performing migration analysis based on genealogy. A web-based application for spatial-temporal genealogical information also demonstrates the contribution of innovative library services.

Big data play a dominant role in library services, and in turn, provide an active library service. These findings indicate that big data technology can provide a suitable tool for improving library services.

Online genealogy and family trees are linked with large-volume, growing data sets that are complex and have multiple, autonomous sources. The migration analysis using big data has the potential to help genealogy researchers to construct minority ethnic history.

The paper aims to clarify the relationship between organizational identification, knowledge sharing and work characteristics. It proposes hierarchical linear modeling analysis of work context and social support climate with regard to organizational identification. The study aims to understand and prescribe the cross-level effects of a supportive climate and the effect of job design on organizational identification and knowledge sharing. Librarians need to share knowledge with their colleagues to provide timely responses for readers. Through a cross-level study, the authors' findings provide insights for both practice and academia.

Analysis approach in this paper consisted of the following steps. First, this study applied confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the validity and reliability of the authors' instrument. Second, this study checked the viability of aggregating the responses of the librarians to library-level constructs. Third, this study adapted hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to examine the research hypotheses. HLM could be utilized to explain the nested data and simultaneously estimate the influence of factors from the different levels.

The paper provides empirical insights to support the relationship between task characteristics and organizational identification. Tasks with sufficient autonomy, variety, and feedback can improve the perception of organizational identification. Task characteristics and social support can reinforce knowledge sharing through shaping organizational identification.

As the sample libraries were all located in Taiwan, the research results may lack generalizability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to further test the propositions in multiple cultures.

The paper includes implications for task characteristics and social support can reinforce knowledge sharing through shaping the organizational identification in libraries.

The results of cross-level analysis in this paper suggested that the variance of a supportive climate among libraries may exert an influence on knowledge sharing. This paper also confirmed organizational identification is also a partial meso-mediator for social support and knowledge sharing.

The research issues of digital preservation have apparently moved from how to set up the digital archives to on-going business models. The aim of this paper is to investigate the key factors for digital archives' success. This paper provides a business model for the sustainability of digital archives.

Both pricing strategies and business models related to digital archives are very important. From the point of archive preservation, how to preserve digital archives permanently and make them accessible are the most important research issues. This paper, based on a review of the academic literature, adopts the innovative pricing approach to develop the business models and pricing strategy.

The research defines the different needs at start-up versus the on-going operations for digital preservation. Considering digital archives as information goods, this study adopts the TRIZ method to establish a pricing strategy for digital preservation. It discusses the pricing strategy for digital preservation using an innovative method of creative problem-solving theory from the perspectives of the archives institutes, materials providers and consumers.

This study recommends the pricing strategies for the digital preservation programs and the government's price policy based on the TRIZ analysis method.

Knowledge sharing intention and group identity are the keys to improving library service quality. The purpose of this paper is to integrate work design questionnaire and affective events theory to understand the relationship between task characteristics and knowledge sharing quality in the context of the library.

Data collected from 204 professional librarians in various libraries provide strong support for the proposed research model. A structural equation modelling analysis was performed using LISREL. The adequacy of the measurement model was evaluated on the criteria of reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity.

The paper shows that sharing intention and group identity have important effects on knowledge quality. Task characteristics, such as work methods, task variety and social feedback, have strong effects on group identity.

The findings imply that only work methods and social feedback have strong effects on knowledge sharing intention.

The motivation to share librarians' knowledge is critical to successful library service. The paper provides evidence that knowledge quality is built through work methods, task variety and social feedback. Implications for theory and practice and suggestions for future research are discussed.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a reliable and valid measurement of human resource management (HRM) practices and identify the key dimensions based on evidence of the multinational corporations (MNCs) in China. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between HRM practices and knowledge transfer.

This paper involves a questionnaire survey concerning HRM practices, including employee satisfaction, hedonism, and altruism at the organizational level; training and self‐efficiency at the individual level. A quantitative analysis of the questionnaires is conducted through structural equation modeling in order to indicate the direction and relationship between those constructs.

The results show a striking effect of organizational commitment and individual attitudes on knowledge transfer performance in MNCs.

This paper suggests that organizational commitment and individual attitudes should be conceptualized as being comprised of HRM practices. Further, the results indicate that both commitment and attitudes are needed to facilitate the transfer of knowledge from other parts of the MNC.

United Kingdom and China face both similar and dissimilar challenges in managing eldercare. These challenges are centred around demographic change, caregiving roles and care facilities, work–family conflict and work flexibilities, employment rights, culture norms in caring for the elders and the welfare state. This chapter demonstrates the status quo of each of these challenges in managing eldercare, from both the East and West perspectives. Aside from the challenges, opportunities also emerge. More support services are needed for elders with activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activities of daily living. Institutional care is in great demand in China, despite the traditional value of caring for elders at home. Caring for elders with cognitive disabilities has also won attention. In the United Kingdom, elder caregiving issues are focused on older workforce, grandparent caregivers and long-term consequences of combining employment and care in the workplace. Compared to Hong Kong and United Kingdom, mainland China has more space to improve on adapting flexible work hours and promoting employment rights of workers. ‘Sandwich’ carers and women caregivers were given special attention in our discussion. At the end of the chapter, results from a survey studying older employees who are also caregivers were also presented.

Country and company bankruptcies at international level have put the economies of the world and countries in a difficult position. As a result of these negative developments, the measurement of the effectiveness of internal audits system together with accounting and audits have become important. The unit that plays a key role in measuring the effectiveness of internal control, whether in the private or public sector, is internal audit. In this respect, the purpose of the present study was to outline the criteria that increase the effectiveness of internal audit in public institutions. For this purpose, the SWARA Method was used. The SWARA Method is a multi-criterion decision-making method that is employed by decision-makers to determine the weights of the criteria and to sort them out. The Questionnaire of the study was applied to a participant group that consisted of 11 experts. According to the findings, the criteria that had the highest importance were “the presence of an independent internal audit activity and impartial internal auditors,” “Performing internal audit activities in line with ethical rules, standards, and relevant regulations,” and “Determining the risks regarding the objectives and the purpose of the institution, and measuring the effects of these risks.”

The purpose of this paper is to understand customers' repurchase intentions in online shopping. This study extends the technology acceptance model (TAM) by introducing e‐service quality dimensions, trust and enjoyment in the development of a theoretical model to study customers' repurchase intentions within the context of online shopping.

Data collected from 360 PCHome online shopping customers provides strong support for the proposed research model. PLS (partial least squares, PLS‐Graph version 3.0) is used to analyse the measurement and structural models.

The study shows that trust, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and enjoyment are significant positive predictors of customers' repurchase intentions.

The data are collected from a single online shopping store – the generalisation of the model and findings to other online stores requires additional research. Our findings imply that the five dimensions of e‐service quality are possibly among the most important antecedents of customers' trust in online vendors.

Online vendors should ensure that they provide adequate utilitarian and hedonic value for customers instead of focusing on just one of these aspects in their web site development.

Customer loyalty is critical to the online vendor's survival and success. The study provides evidence that online trust is built through order fulfilment, privacy, responsiveness and contact.

This study aims to summarise the information about open access publishing models and to analyse the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT).

The paper is based on a review of the academic literature, to conduct a comprehensive SWOT analysis and adopt the multiple case study approach to analyse the open access publishing model.

Useful results include the findings that the success factors of open access business models are: creating savings in publishing costs, increasing incomes, adoption of innovative technologies and controlling the quality of journals. The open access publishing model makes the research permanently visible and accessible, with sustainable development.

While the findings may be applicable to open access journals for reasons other than impact factor, further research would be required to confirm this.

This study provides results that may enhance one's understanding of the open access publishing model, allowing both the reader and the author to benefit from it. Open access publishing leads to wider dissemination of information and greater advances in science.